When is a warrantless arrest permissible?

A warrantless arrest is permissible under specific circumstances as defined by the law. Witnessing a crime being committed or having probable cause to believe that a crime has been committed is a fundamental principle of law enforcement. This allows officers to take immediate action without requiring a warrant, which is essential for maintaining public safety and preventing further criminal activity.

When an officer witnesses a crime directly, such as an assault or theft in progress, they have the legal authority to make an arrest on the spot. Similarly, if the officer has probable cause based on their observations or credible information that a crime has been committed, they can also lawfully arrest the suspect without first obtaining a warrant. This is crucial in situations where waiting for a warrant could jeopardize public safety or allow the suspect to evade arrest.

In contrast, conducting a traffic stop does not grant officers the blanket authority for a warrantless arrest unless there are observable violations or evidence of a crime. A suspect's promise to return for a hearing lacks the legal weight necessary for an arrest. Additionally, a previous record of the suspect's behavior does not establish probable cause for a warrantless arrest unless it directly pertains to the current situation. Therefore, the best answer highlights the importance of direct observation or probable cause in making a warrant