What does the 5th Amendment guarantee?

The 5th Amendment of the United States Constitution primarily guarantees protection against self-incrimination, which means that individuals cannot be compelled to testify against themselves in a criminal case. This right is significant because it upholds the principle that no one should be forced to provide evidence that could lead to their own conviction. It allows individuals to maintain their silence during questioning or in court without facing legal penalties for choosing not to answer potentially incriminating questions.

While the other options refer to important rights provided under different amendments—such as the right to a speedy trial, the right to confront witnesses, and the right to legal representation during criminal trials—these rights are not part of the 5th Amendment. They are addressed in other parts of the Constitution, such as the 6th Amendment, which specifically outlines protections related to legal proceedings in criminal cases. The focus of the 5th Amendment is specifically on safeguarding individuals from self-incrimination and ensuring that legal processes respect personal rights against coercion.